{"id":17914,"date":"2023-07-20T15:43:15","date_gmt":"2023-07-20T12:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/?p=17914"},"modified":"2025-09-18T12:56:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T09:26:59","slug":"%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa-%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%be%d9%86%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c%d8%ac-%d9%87%d9%86%da%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%ae%d8%aa-%d8%a7%da%a9%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa-%d8%b3%db%8c%d9%be%d9%86%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644<\/h2>\n

\u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644<\/a> \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u06af \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631<\/a> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc groupadd \u0648 useradd<\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 Immutable files<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \/etc\/passwd \u06cc\u0627 \/etc\/group \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

lsattr \/etc\/group lsattr \/etc\/shadow<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c \u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u0627\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c i \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c \u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
chattr -i \/etc\/passwd chattr -i \/etc\/group<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
Corrupt group shadow file<\/h4>\n
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/gshadow \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/groups\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/gshadow \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 groupname::: \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 groupname \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/gshadow \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
1. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \/etc\/gshadow \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
mv \/etc\/gshadow \/etc\/gshadow.corrupt<\/pre>\n
2. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 grpconv \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n
3. \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \/etc\/grshadow.lock \u0648 \/etc\/group.lock \u0631\u0627 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n
unable to add user errors<\/pre>\n
\"\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc<\/p>\n
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 unable to add user errors \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \/home\/username \u0628\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n
  • \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \/etc\/passwd \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u06a9 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u06cc\u067e\u0646\u0644 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":21434,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,42],"tags":[4192,4207,4187,4201],"class_list":["post-17914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cpanel","category-42","tag-4192","tag-4207","tag-4187","tag-4201"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17914"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17914\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21444,"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17914\/revisions\/21444"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tehranserver.ir\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}